Multi-planar tubular joints became widely used in steel structures especially in industrial and offshore project.However, the current design procedures are still not accurate enough and depend on studying each plan separately and adjust the joint capacity using some correction factor.The aim of this research is to present a mathematical formula Ray
Purpose.The purpose of the study is to develop an integrated approach for evaluating the super-efficiency of the agricultural sector in EU countries, considering resource, ecological, and economic dimensions, while identifying systemic challenges and opportunities for efficiency enhancement through slack-based Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA).Method
The ground ice content in cold environments influences the permafrost thermal regime and the thaw trajectories in a warming climate, especially for soils containing excess ice.Despite their importance, the amount and distribution of ground ice are often unknown due to lacking field observations.Hence, modeling the thawing of ice-rich permafrost soi